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AIM:To investigate the effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light on the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction and the change of meibomian glands.METHODS: Prospective study. A total of 141 patients(282 eyes)who were diagnosed with meibomian gland dysfunction from January 2021 to May 2022 in our hospital were selected and they were randomly divided into the control group(73 cases, 146 eyes)and the observation group(68 cases, 136 eyes)according to random number table. The control group was given 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with intense pulsed light, and the observation group was treated with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops combined with intense pulsed light. The subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density before and after the treatment were compared between the two groups at 2wk after the end of treatment.RESULTS: There were no differences in the subjective symptom score, physical sign score, non-invasive tear break-up time, tear meniscus height, lipid layer thickness, and meibomian gland density between the two groups of patients before treatment(P>0.05). After 2wk of treatment, the symptom scores and physical sign scores of patients in the two groups continued to decrease, non-invasive tear break-up time and lipid layer thickness continued to increase, and the meibomian gland density also increased. The tear meniscus height in the observation group increased, while the control group showed no significant changes. The observation group had better clinical indicators than the control group(P<0.05). No obvious complications were observed in all patients.CONCLUSION: The combination of diquafosol sodium eye drops and intense pulsed light is synergistic in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction, with significant therapeutic effects and improvement of meibomian gland repair, which is significantly superior to simple intense pulsed light therapy.
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Objective@#To investigate the changes of school absenteeism among students received Nutrition Improvement Program for Rural Compulsory Education Student (NIPCES), and to provide basic data for further nutritional health improvement for rural students.@*Methods@#Among 699 NIPCES monitored counties among 22 provinces across western and central China, 10%-30% of elementary and junior high schools were randomly selected as monitoring schools within each stratification according to the food supply pattern (school canteen, company and mix) in each county, school absenteeism information were collected and analyzed from 2012 to 2017.@*Results@#The total rate of student absenteeism was 26.0 per 10 000. From 2012 to 2016, it dropped from 30.8 per 10 000 to 23.4 per 10 000 year by year, but it increased again in 2017(28.2 per 10 000). The rate of school absenteeism in the western region (29.4 per 10 000) was higher than that in the central region (21.5 per 10 000); The sick leave rate (15.0 per 10 000) of primary school students was higher than that of junior high school students (13.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absences (16.9 per 10 000) of junior high school students was higher than that of elementary school students(9.9 per 10 000); the absentees rate in mixed-food supply schools (28.5 per 10 000) was higher than that in canteen food supply schools(26.4 per 10 000), the latter was higher than that of company food supply schools(25.0 per 10 000). The rate of sick leave absenteeism was highest in December(18.4 per 10 000), and the rate of personal leave absenteeism in June was highest(14.6 per 10 000).@*Conclusion@#The rate of school absenteeism among students in the NIPCES area showed an overall downward trend year by year. The absentee rate of students varies by regions, grade, food supply patterns and school locations.
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Objective@#To investigate milk consumption and associated factors in the national pilot counties of Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students (NIPRCES) in 2016, and to provide basic data for milk consumption improvement.@*Methods@#Two primary and middle schools in each county were selected randomly from 50 key monitoring counties in 22 provinces in NIPRCES by three food supply modes (school-based, company-based, and others). Then 1 or 2 classes in each grade were selected randomly from grade 3 or above and junior schools. A total of 25 948 students were collected, milk consumption and related factors were investigated through student questionnaires.@*Results@#Among the students surveyed, the proportion of students drank 1 to 3 packs of milk every week was highest (45.4%), only 29.1% students drank 4 or more packets of milk per week. The proportion of children in grades 3 and 4 who drank 4 or more packets of milk per week (35.7%) was higher than that of children in grades 5 and 6 (31.8%) and junior school (22.5%)(P<0.01). The proportion of boys who drank 4 or more packs of milk per week (30.7%) was higher than girls (27.5%) (P<0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that boys, primary school students in grades 3 to 6, non-resident students, students with both parents or one parent at home, students who had more meals per day, students who had breakfast every day, students who took snacks or drank beverages once or more per day, students who drank 4 or more cups of boiled water were more likely to drink 4 or more packs of milk each week.@*Conclusion@#Students in poor rural areas in China lack access to milk. It is recommended that targeted measures should be taken to encourage and promote rural students to drink enough milk.